--Brain Work--
"There is no such thing as a good memory, or a bad memory.
Just an untrained memory"
--Jim Kwik
- Exhale completely through your mouth, making a whoosh sound.
- Close your mouth and inhale quietly though your nose to a mental count of 4
- Hold your breath for a count of 7.
- Exhale completely through your mouth, making a whoosh sound to a count of 8.
- Tell someone what you just learned
- Write down what you just learned
- Do some physical exercise
- Grab a healthy snack
All living organisms NEED three things: water, air to breathe(oxygen), and food. Living organisms can DO three things: move, grow, and reproduce. Do you think that organisms in the ocean meet all six requirements? Why or why not?
1. Watch this video, Kingdoms of Marine Life. (6:32)
- Take notes. What are the 5 kingdoms? Name some animals/plants that go in each kingdom. (There will be a kahoot quiz.)
Everything that surrounds us can be put into groups according to shared characteristics; this is called classification. We classify things to help us order, organize, and better understand the things around us.
Classification is especially important to scientists. Scientists have classified all living things: bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. All of these types of organisms not only live on land but they also live in the ocean.
2.
- Print out the colorful Marine Living Organism cards on pages 29-31 in your Marine Biology Curriculum.
- Cut them on the dotted lines.
- Lay out all the “Marine Living Organisms” cards on the table. Work with someone to arrange the cards into groups that share similar attributes. You can make as many groups as desired and classify the groups any way you would like. Then explain why you classified their groups that way in you CPB.
- Do all of the first 3 steps before you scroll down and see the actual classification. (It will be more fun if you don't peek.) There will be questions on the Kahoot about all the classifications. Be familiar with the pictures and how they are classified. Be familiar with the information below about each classification.
Scientists classify living things, but scientists do not always agree on how things should be classified. Sometimes there are changes made or differences in classification. Scientists generally classify marine organisms in the following groups.
Bacteria and Archaebacteria (Cards 1, 4,
and 18)
Bacteria and archaebacteria [ar–key–bak–TEER–ee–uh]
are often separated into two kingdoms. While they are
both bacteria, there are differences between them.
Archaebacteria can survive in extreme conditions, like
the extreme heat of a hydrothermal vent, as shown on
card 1. Archaebacteria are also found in areas of high
salt content, like the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea.
Bacteria are the smallest forms of living organisms; most
bacteria cannot be seen without microscopes. Despite
their small size, they play a huge role in recycling and
decomposing nutrients for the use of all marine life. The
role of bacteria is so important that life could not exist
without it!
Fungi (Cards 19 and 23)
Only 5% of the world’s fungi—including mushrooms, molds, and yeasts—reside in the oceans. Fungi help to decompose dead organic material in the ocean. They also live as parasites on other living plants and animals in the ocean.
Protists (Cards 2, 9, 20, and 24)
Some organisms are plantlike, fungilike, or animallike, but they do not meet the requirements to actually fit into one of those kingdoms. These diverse organisms are collectively classified as protists.
Protists can help to recycle nutrients through the environment. Diatoms, like the ones pictured on card 20, are common types of phytoplankton, which are important for providing the base of the food chain.
Card 2, kelp (seaweed), may seem like an ocean plant, but it does not have the same complex cellular makeup that a plant cell has, so it is classified as a protist. This is also the case for algae (card 24) and red tide (card 9), which is a microscopic algae.
While there is much good that protists provide, they can also be very harmful. Protists are the culprits in spreading diseases like giardia, dysentery, and malaria. Dinoflagellates are protists that produce toxins that cause a type of algae bloom called red tide, as in card 9. A red tide is harmful to sea life and can cause illness in humans if seafood found in a red tide is eaten.
Plants (Cards 7 and 25)
There are few living organisms residing in the ocean that are scientifically classified as plants. With the limited amount of sunlight that penetrates through the water, there is a limited number of plants that grow. The few that do grow are able to handle high salt content and low oxygen levels. They grow in calm, shallow waters.
An example of this is on card 25. These are mangroves. They grow only near the equator where it is warm. They have a large, tangled root system that can handle the tides.
Another type of plant is called seagrass, pictured on card 7. Seagrass is very important to the food chain. Hundreds of animals feed on seagrass, including turtles, crabs, fish, and swans. Dried seagrass was once used for mattress filling and to roof houses.
Animals
Animals are multicellular organisms that eat plants or other animals for their food. When we think of ocean life, this is the kingdom we most likely think of. You can divide the animal kingdom into two groups: invertebrates and vertebrates.
Invertebrates
Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones. The following are some of the most common marine invertebrates.
Sponges (Card 26)
Sponges are one of the simplest multicellular creatures. They are covered in small pores that move water through the sponge and absorb nutrients or small food particles. Sponges can live almost anywhere in the ocean, from very shallow to very deep waters.
Cnidarians [ny–DARE–ee–uns] (Cards 5, 16, and 21)
These animals are simple saclike organisms with radial symmetry, meaning they are symmetrical around the center point. They have special cells that sting in order to defend themselves. Animals such as jellyfish (card 16), corals (card 5), and anemones (card 21) are included in this group.
Crustaceans (Card 15)
Crustaceans are part of the arthropod phylum. Arthropods have a segmented body with jointed limbs. In the ocean we see a type of arthropod called crustaceans. They include animals such as crabs (card 15), shrimp, and barnacles.
Mollusks (Cards 13 and 14)
These animals have a head, a large soft body mass, and a leg or legs. Most of them also have a hard external shell. Mollusks include animals such as mussels, clams (card 14), snails, squid, and octopuses (card 13).
Echinoderms (Cards 8 and 27)
These animals are often star or ball shaped with five-point symmetry. You will recognize animals such as the starfish (card 8) and sea urchin (card 27) in this group.
Vertebrates
Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone, or spinal column. The following are some of the most common marine vertebrates.
Reptiles (Card 12)
Reptiles include turtles (card 12) and snakes. They have dry, scaly skin and lay eggs. Reptiles are different from fish because they lay their eggs on land. Even sea turtles must return to the land to lay their eggs.
Pisces [PIE–seez] (Cards 6, 10, and 22)
These animals are cold-blooded and breathe through gills. Cold-blooded means that their body temperatures change according to the temperature of the environment. Their spines can be made of bone, like in the fish in card 10, or cartilage, like in sharks (card 22) and rays (card 6).
Mammals (Cards 3, 11, and 17)
Mammals are warm-blooded animals. Warm- blooded means they keep a warm body temperature even when they are in cold water. These animals give birth to and nurse their young. They also are different from fish in that they breathe air and have hair. Mammals include whales (card 3), seals (card 11), and dolphins (card 17).
3.
- Go to pages 33 and 34 in your Marine Biology Book. Look at the classification chart and see how the classification works.
- Read the bit about getting more specific with sharks.
- Do the Shark and Ray family dichotomous activity. (The instructions are on page 33. Substitute science journal for CPB.)
The picture on the right is often what we picture when we think of coral, but what you see here is actually more than a single coral animal. Coral is made of hundreds or even thousands of tiny animals called coral polyps. (below)
If you were to take a very close-up look at coral, this is what you would see— individual animals, each of them usually no bigger than the eraser on a pencil. Together they form a coral colony, as we saw in the first picture. (Top Right)
Coral Colonies that grow together
form a coral reef.
All coral is divided into 2 types:
Hard Corals and Soft Corals.
Marco Polo!
8. Watch this video about Marco Polo (7 min)
Then pull out your Explorer Map. Look up Marco Polo's journey, and record
his route on your map.
And just for fun: Watch this Marco Polo Vid
--Around the World in 80 Days--
9. Week 2: Read through Chapter XIV, “In Which Phileas Fogg travels down the whole length of the beautiful Ganges without as much as thinking of seeing it.”
***Add all travels to your *now ongoing* travel log, AND Add to his journey to your
"Around the World" travel map.
Know/Understand:
1. Ocean Animal Report: This week I want you to study one ocean animal that you think is the Most Colorful. To prepare for this you will need to do these things.
- Find an ocean animal to study that is the Most Colorful.
- Print a picture of your animal and bring it to add to our ocean wall. (No pictures on phones! Physical pictures please!)
- Learn what ocean it is found in.
- Tell us what Pelagic Zone or Intertidal Zone it is found in.
- Tell us what classification of Marine Life it is. (you can find stuff on classification on pages 32-33 in the curriculum, or obviously online.)
- Convince your fellow vanguardians why your choice is the best. (We will break into groups to do this.)
- You will get 2 minutes to tell us all about your animal, so keep it short, sweet, and convincing!
No comments:
Post a Comment